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Lo statuto biologico e ontologico dell’embrione

ROMA, lunedì, 4 febbraio 2008 ( ZENIT.org ).- Pubblichiamo di seguito per la rubrica di Bioetica l'intervento del dottor Renzo Puccetti, Specialista in Medicina Interna e Segretario del Comitato “Scienza & Vita” di Pisa-Livorno.
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Salve, complimenti per la vostra ottima rubrica scientifica e culturale. Sono a professor of religion, but right now I'm doing an internship to get an authorization in history and philosophy (I graduated in philosophy), and as I will have to address the issue if the embryo is an individual / person in the context of 'epistemology who are studying at school (a high school), I wanted to have a scientific-biological explanations to justify the absolute prohibition of manipulating the sanctity of life. Thanks and see you soon. LP

I thank the reader for an application that allows you to provide any relevant information to frame the question of the embryo. The terms in which the question is posed, beyond the intentions of the writer, are likely to repeat a fallacy: first determine what is the action to be taken and then find the reasons for it. The question concerning the biological status of the embryo and ontological challenges those who draw near to ultimate measure with the truth of the embryo. In the medical-scientific privileged and generally fought to get to the truth is that Thomistic correspondista (adequatio rei et intellectus). It is a policy which recognizes things in the presence of an objective truth that is understandable by human reason, which, in turn, is shaped so as to be open to it and accept it.
Of course, sometimes in the medical field is also used a pragmatic criterion that identifies as true what works, but in this case the search for a more complete knowledge of the truth is always in the background as the ultimate aspiration. Specifically, there seems to be defined as a prior ontological status of the embryo, that embryo understood as to understand the nature and essence and should assess the moral behavior directed toward him. As noted Professor Pessina, use the word "person" in reference to the embryo leads to very often a complication of the debate, as the term person has taken in common language, in addition to the original descriptive meaning, also a connotation of values. For this reason it is easier to submit to verify the following hypothesis: the embryo from the moment of fertilization is a living human individual?
Within forensic DNA analysis is used as a conclusive criterion to identify the individual author or the victim of a particular crime, or parenting a child, for the identification of the individual. The moment of syngamy, ie, membrane fusion of two gametes, is the time where it is possible to identify a novel gene diploid, that is not traceable to that of any other being on earth. Before karyogamy (fusion of gametes of parental gene pools), this heritage has not yet rearranged into a structure identificabile anatomicamente, ma lo è già in termini funzionali. I DNA materno e paterno attivati, benché non ancora uniti fisicamente, colloquiano (1) e operano in maniera coordinata guidando il processo di avvicinamento dei pronuclei genitoriali e la formazione del fuso mitotico, prodromico alla prima divisione cellulare (2). Ulteriori conferme giungono dagli studi che hanno mostrato come gli assi embrionali sono definiti già nei minuti ed ore che seguono la singamia (3) e non, come precedentemente ritenuto, al momento della stria primitiva, elemento questo che induceva qualcuno a pensare l’embrione nei primi 14 giorni come ad un grumo di cellule.
In base alle evidenze più recenti, la posizione del secondo globulo polare, il punto di entrata dello spermatozoo e la forma dell’ovocita sono in grado d’influenzare l’asse della prima divisione cellulare che, a sua volta, determina il destino delle cellule figlie in cellule progenitrici dell’embrione e cellule progenitrici dei tessuti non embrionali (3). Una delle argomentazioni impiegate per porre in discussione in maniera alquanto surrettizia la dignità dell’embrione è quella secondo cui l’embrione non sarebbe in grado di entrare in relazione con la madre, almeno fino alla fase dell’impianto nella parete endometriale. Si tratta di un’argomentazione difficilmente sostenibile.
Dal punto di vista biologico la fase pre-impiantatoria si caratterizza per un intenso colloquio biochimico maternal fetal (crosstalk), which assists the production of embryonic factors (Early Pregnancy Factor, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Perimplantation Factor) in which the mother responds with anatomical and functional changes and providing energy substrates through the tubal fluids that support anaerobic metabolism of 'in the pre-implantation embryo. Furthermore, the genomic imprinting (epigenetic inactivation of one allele of a gene underlying the phenomenon monoallelica expression) is able to influence both the maternal fetal relationship behaviors and attitudes post-natal (sucking, thermoregulation, pubertal development) (4).
These considerations can also add comments derived in particular by Dr. Diana Bianchi has shown the presence of a true "mobile traffic" in which cells derived from embryonic stem cells are placed in various organs of the mother and will persist for decades even restorative function (5, 6, 7 ). Thus it is not unreasonable, the sentence of an editorial in the British Medical Journal: "The embryo is not passive but an active orchestrator of its plant and its destiny" (8). To capture these considerations in view of the reality of the static specific aspects you can add a look that captures the dynamism verifies the embryonic nature. Because the observation of nature tumorale di poche cellule in un preparato citologico è universalmente accettato che la condotta clinica si disponga considerando cosa sarà di quelle cellule una volta progredite nel loro ciclo vitale, mentre dovrebbe essere illogico affermare la natura d’individuo umano mortale dell’embrione dalla sua osservazione al microscopio e soprattutto non agire pensando a come sarà una volta che abbia completato il suo sviluppo? Paradossalmente è possibile imbattersi in esimi studiosi che pretendono di mantenere separati il piano scientifico da quello etico introducendo nel discorso scientifico considerazioni ad esso assolutamente estranee.
Affermare che lo zigote (embrione unicellulare) e la morula (stadio embrionale di otto cellule) siano «progetti of the individual "(9) destined to die because a high percentage or twinship is a potential for non-logical sense. The embryo is already individual shares with a destiny of any living individual mortality, spontaneous or provoked. Then perhaps we should say that those condemned to death, the soldiers in the trenches and all those about to die because people are not used in a high percentage of imminent death? Did the twins still get two people, instead of two individuals do not? It also seems reasonable not to deny the identity of individual sheep to the sheep that provided the somatic cell from which Dolly was derived on the basis of the potential cloned. A volta riconosciuto quindi che «dal punto di vista biologico non c’è in sostanza nessuna discontinuità dal concepimento alla nascita» (9) l’ipotesi di «porre degli spartiacque» sulla base di «una convenzione» (9) modificabile non è innocente, ma introduce nel percorso conoscitivo un’evidente volontà manipolativa, in cui la realtà dell’altro (in questo caso dell’embrione) è funzione dell’utile che ne può derivare. Concetto pericoloso, anzi pericolosissimo quello di stabilire per convenzione quando l’altro sia intangibile, una volta comunque accertata la sua natura di individuo umano vivente. È stato fatto in passato e quando la memoria non si era ancora dissolved the doctors had sworn that they would not have done anymore. But those doctors are now dead, other generations have followed the law and the fall of civilization described by Solon seems to want to continue to draw its trajectory. Determined that since the embryo after fertilization is a human individual living raises the moral question: "All individuals are entitled to living humans that their life is respected?".
We believe that we can only answer in the affirmative, as the primary good of human life and a necessary condition for the enjoyment of secondary assets. The very concept of self-defense is not an exception to the principle of inviolability of human life, since does not indicate the killing self-defense, but the killing in defense (10). Every time we introduce the minimum opening between the biological concept of living human individual and the moral person, without realizing it, even with the noblest intentions, we open the door to the demon of arbitrariness. This is a very real threat that the man to defend themselves from lions builds a stick by sawing off the branch on which he sits protected from the beasts. Romano Guardini writes in 1949: "Actions ethically wrong, even if they seem useful, in the end lead to ruin. Lying can bring a benefit, ten, a hundred times, in the end it crushes upon which the life in his own inner life than the di se stessi, nel rapporto con gli altri la fiducia» (11).
Si tratta di una prospettiva consonante con quella proposta trent’anni più tardi dal filosofo ebreo tedesco Hans Jonas, fuggito dalla dittatura nazista la cui madre fu tra le vittime di Auschwitz: «Si dovranno apprendere nuovamente il rispetto e l’orrore per tutelarci dagli sbandamenti del nostro potere. Soltanto il rispetto, rivelandoci “qualcosa di sacro”, cioè d’inviolabile in qualsiasi circostanza ci preserverà anche dal profanare il presente in vista del futuro, dal voler comprare quest’ultimo al prezzo del primo. Un’eredità degradata coinvolgerebbe nel degrado anche gli eredi. Conservare intatta quell’eredità through the perils of the times, indeed, against the act of man, not a utopian view, but the end, not so modest, the responsibility for the future of man "(12).
References:
1. Ostermeier GC, Miller D, Huntriss JD, Diamond MP, Krawetz SA. Reproductive biology: delivering spermatozoan RNA to the oocyte. Nature. 2004 May 13, 429 (6988): 154.
2. Pontifical Academy for Life. The human preimplantation embryo in the ITS phase. Scientific Aspects and bioethical considerations. http://www.academiavita.org/english/Documenti/testo/embrio/vol_embr_ingl.pdf
3. H. Pearson Your destiny, from day one. Nature. 2002 Jul 4; 418 (6893) :14-5.
4. Isles AR, Holland AJ. Imprinted genes and mother—offspring interactions. Early Human Development (2005) 81, 73-77.
5. Bianchi DW, Fisk NM. Fetomaternal cell trafficking and the stem cell debate: gender matters. JAMA. 2007; 297(13):1489-91.
6. Bianchi DW, Romero R. Biological implications of bi-directional fetomaternal cell traffic: a summary of a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-sponsored conference. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003 Aug;14(2):123-9.
7. Johnson KL, Bianchi DW. Fetal cells in maternal tissue following pregnancy: what are the consequences? Hum Reprod Update. 2004 Nov-Dec;10(6):497-502.
8. Horne AW, White JO, Lalani EN. The endometrium and embryo implantation. A receptive endometrium depends on hormonal Influences More Than. BMJ. 25 November 2000, 321 (7272) :1301-2.
9. Edoardo Boncinelli. Embryos. There is no time X. Corriere della Sera, 26.01.2005. http://www.puntoincontro.org/Animazione/Incontri2005/05-Boncinelli1.htm
10. St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, II-II, q.64, a. 7.
11. Romano Guardini. The right to life before birth. And Morcelliana, Brescia, 2005.
12. Hans Jonas. The principle of responsibility. Einaudi, Torino, 1990.

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My hope for Catherine

Oct 06 2009 3:10 AM PDT

Tomorrow we will bring Catherine in another hospital to begin the phase of awakening (after the very good doctors in Florence saved her life). We have great confidence that the doctors also rely. But the time is more delicate and much, we really need the help of Lady Catherine wakes up and it's okay.
I thank you from the bottom of my heart for all your love, your prayers and your constant moving offers sacrifices, I will be liable for a lifetime. Carry
below what I wrote in Mauritius Belpietro, Director of the Free, the newspaper I work on these days that lie ahead.

MY PRAYER FOR CATHERINE

Dear Editor, Catherine
my beautiful eyes. His youth is now lying on a bed of light and pain. It 's like a Sleeping Beauty. But crucified. I find myself inadvertently "sent" in the regions of extreme suffering and painful in this scenario - if an angel would like to lead the anxiety - there are several things that I think I begin to understand.
The first news is that my heart beats. Our hearts still beating. I know that normally it is not news. Not even considering. Until that happens to your daughter, radiant in its 24 years of life, on the eve of the degree in which he studied architecture for five years, suddenly one night his heart si ferma e senza alcuna ragione. Si ferma di colpo (o, come dicono, va in fibrillazione).
Lì, quando ti si spalanca davanti quell’abisso improvviso che ti fa urlare uno sconfinato “nooooo!!!”, cominci a capire: è la cosa meno scontata del mondo che in questo preciso istante il cuore dei tuoi bimbi, il mio cuore o il tuo, amico lettore, batta.
Quante volte ho sentito don Giussani stupirci con questa evidenza: che nessuno fa battere volontariamente il proprio cuore. E’ come un dono che si riceve di continuo, senza accorgersi. Istante per istante dipendiamo da Qualcun Altro che ci dà vita…
C’illudiamo di possedere mille cose e di essere chissacchì, ma così clamorosamente non possediamo noi stessi. Un Altro ci fa. In ogni attimo. Vengono le vertigini a pensarci. Allora si può solo mendicare, come poveri che non hanno nulla, neanche se stessi, un altro battito e un altro respiro ancora dal Signore della vita (“Gesù nostro respiro”, diceva una grande santo).
Certo, si ricorre a tutti i mezzi umani e a tutte le cure mediche. Che oggi sono eccezionali e personalmente devo ringraziare degli ottimi medici, competenti e umani. Ma anch’essi sanno di avere poteri limitati, non possono arrivare all’impossibile, non potrebbero nulla se non fosse concesso dall’alto e poi se non fossero “illuminati” e guidati.
Rex tremendae majestatis… E’ Lui il padrone and the source of life and everything that is. And our children and our daughters are his. And 'their father dearly. Then - with all our pretensions annihilated soul torn - you discover all the poor to beg his life from "the one who answers prayers ...."
begged to get back a smile to my daughter, a look, a word ... Suddenly, what seemed the most obvious and the world appears to you as the most valuable and almost an impossible dream ... I am ready to give everything, all I have, everything I know and who are, I would give their lives for that treasure.
We always rush for a thousand causes, goals, ambitions that we seem so important to us to neglect their children. But now how does it all without any value to the comparison of the look of a daughter, to his youth in full bloom ...
A great gift God has done to people by making them fathers and mothers: so everyone can experience it means to love another creature more than themselves. And so we have a faint idea of \u200b\u200bhis love and his compassion for us ...
Catherine is his favorite, as all those who suffer. I recall the words of the English song sung beautifully by my princess and dedicated to Our Lady, "Ojos de cielo", which says: "Eyes of Heaven, Heaven's eyes / do not leave in mid-flight."
Riascolto il suo canto, con il nodo alla gola, come la sua preghiera: “Se guardo il fondo dei tuoi occhi teneri/ mi si cancella il mondo con tutto il suo inferno./ Mi si cancella il mondo e scopro il cielo/ quando mi tuffo nei tuoi occhi teneri./ Occhi di cielo, occhi di cielo,/ non abbandonarmi in pieno volo./ Occhi di cielo, occhi di cielo,/ tutta la mia vita per questo sogno…/ Se io mi dimenticassi di ciò che è vero/ se io mi allontanassi da ciò che è sincero/ i tuoi occhi di cielo me lo ricorderebbero,/ se io mi allontanassi dal vero./ Occhi di cielo..”.
E infine quell’ultima strofa che oggi suona come un presagio: “Se il sole che mi illumina un giorno si spegnesse/ dark night and a win on my life, / your eyes of sky lights me / your honest eyes, which are walking and driving for me. / Eyes of the sky .... "
E 'with this sure hope that soon I entrusted my treasure and its healing in the hands of his loving Mother of Heaven. For words, clear and timeless of Jesus encourage us, "Ask and you shall receive, seek and ye shall find, knock and it shall be opened", promising "whatever you ask the Father in my name, he will give you" and urged to implore tirelessly as the importunate widow of the Gospel (which - if only because of his insistence - will be answered). We
that the Queen of Heaven is with us ready to open up the doors of the vaults of thanks. She 's in fact, the refuge of the afflicted, and our wonderful advocate who can get all the Son. The very first miracle at Cana, he was softly "stolen" from her that he had pity on those poor people ...
These days I remembered the pages of Monfort and those of s. Alfonso Maria de 'Liguori, "The Glories of Mary." It 'amazing how two thousand years of holy men and women invite us to be certain of the relief of the Madonna because "he never heard that someone had recourse to your protection, implored your help has, has been looking for your help and has been abandoned " (S. Bernardo).
“Ogni bene, ogni aiuto, ogni grazia che gli uomini hanno ricevuto e riceveranno da Dio sino alla fine del mondo, tutto è venuto e verrà loro per intercessione e per mezzo di Maria” (s. Alfonso), perché così Dio ha voluto.
Infatti “nelle afflizioni tu consoli” chi in te confida, “nei pericoli tu soccorri” chi ti chiama: tu “speranza dei disperati e soccorso degli abbandonati”. Misero me se non la riconoscessi come Madre, convertendomi (questo significa: “sia fatta la tua volontà”) e lasciandomi guarire nell’anima. Per ottenere anche la guarigione del corpo.
Ma quanto è commovente accorgersi di avere una simile Mother feels when actually its protective mantle made by many brothers and sisters in faith, willing to help, by the Young Friends of Catherine, bright beautiful faces that share the Christian experience aroused by Giussani, from the many friends of parishes, communities, from the many cloistered convents and shrines - including radio and internet - where these days it begs the Virgin for Catherine. As no compassion?
I also received dozens of emails from people away from faith, for the emotion of the story of my daughter, have returned to pray, they move closer to the sacraments after year. And they understood to have a good Mother that you can pray and that does not disappoint. But it is especially
I want to speak of my conversion. We asked a total detachment from everything that is not the case and does not last. Because only God does not pass. That is, the love remains.
So when I learned about 4 000 children suffering from a leper colony in India, by the missionaries (men of God's beautiful and huge), they prayed for the healing of Catherine, after the excitement I realized that these children now belong me, my life and my family.
So did the poor taken care of the dying father Aldo Trento in Paraguay who have offered their sufferings for Catherine. I want to help as I can.
bringing all the pain of the world under the mantle of the Mother of God, I entrust to her the healing of Catherine, because return to sing "Ojos de cielo" for all the poor of our Queen.
"My Lady, you're the only consolation that God has given me the guidance of my pilgrimage, the strength of my weakness, the richness of my misery, the healing of my wounds, relieve my pain, the release of my chains, the hope of my salvation, answered my prayers, have pity on my sighs, thou that art my queen, the refuge and help, life, hope and my strength "(St. Germain).

Antonio Socci

Source: Free (c) October 6, 2009

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"The real danger of our age is the loss of zest for life "(Teilhard de Chardin)
The manifesto of Communion and Liberation Spain

Will I be happy with an unexpected child? Can I start a new life with a child that I did not want? Will I be able to address the sacrifice and the difficulties that that entails? These are questions that many women ask themselves facing an unwanted pregnancy.
Often the woman is one of the questions that arise with their new life. Our tragedy is loneliness, because it is difficult to find someone willing to give us a minute of real human companionship in the face of difficult circumstances we face. But our loneliness is even more profound because it derives from the absence of meaning. Giving birth means getting in life, and for that you need a reason. As stated by Teilhard de Chardin: "The real danger of our age is the loss of zest for life" (Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man). The loss of the meaning of life is the cause of the tragedy of abortion in our social società.Il Bill of the Government of Spain is an example of this tragedy. In the name of "woman's right to decide" you leave it in a tragic loneliness. This led to the grotesque idea of \u200b\u200ba sixteen year old girl away from her son's father and the company his parents when they must make a decision that will mark his whole life. This loneliness is a wall, a lie that can only be dismantled through a company very umana.2. The draft law on abortion of the President Rodríguez Zapatero's main objective is to "create" a new law. Abortion is just the opposite. You deprive of life an unborn child. As claimed by the English bishops in their statement on the bill: "The State shall grant the status of a right to something that is actually an attack on the fundamental right to life", because nobody gives us life, but it comes from Mystery. In this will dig a deep wound in human and social development. With this law, moreover, political power is to foster a change of mentality in order to hide vital evidence of our civilization: every human life must be protected unconditionally. This claim is quite clear with absolute contempt towards people with disabilities, which would unfairly denied the right to be born until the last minute.
To speak of abortion as a right is necessary to alter brutally data of reason and science, published with absolute clarity in the Madrid Declaration, a document endorsed by prominent doctors and scientists of our country. With these words, Pier Paolo Pasolini denounced such alteration, referring to the defenders of the legalization of abortion in Italy: "They resort to the cynical abuse of the facts and common sense" (Pier Paolo Pasolini, "Sexual intercourse, abortion, the false tolerance of power, conformity progressives, "in Scritti pirates, Garzanti, Milano 1975, p. 372).
The Government would not dare take such a political initiative in the company if you were not a widespread mentality which, thanks to constant media pressure, it is increasingly alienated from reality. How is it that some people accept abortion as a law contrary to the evidence, with science, con la ragione e con la stessa sensibilità umana? È il risultato di una manipolazione e di un vuoto educativo. È perciò necessario ingaggiare una battaglia contro la concezione di una libertà senza vincoli, senza riferimento alla verità e senza contatto con la realtà. Si tratta di una battaglia politica, culturale ed educativa per creare nella nostra società, come ha chiesto Benedetto XVI, «un clima di gioia e di fiducia nella vita» (Viaggio apostolico di Benedetto XVI in Austria, Discorso in occasione dell’incontro con le autorità e con il corpo diplomatico, sala dei ricevimenti, Hofburg, Vienna, 7 settembre 2007).
Questa cultura della vita può rinascere se si mettono davanti agli occhi di of all significant events. Facts that constitute, in the first place, a real company for mothers in need. The number of services are already born by the free initiative of citizens, such as aid and accompaniment to women, and acceptance of those children whose mothers can not bear them. There is need for policies decided in favor of the family, maternity and adoption: measures that should create a social environment that encourages recognition of the infinite value of human life.
To restore faith in life and, therefore, the ability to accept and respect it at the same time they are born, we need to meet with an unconditional love, love someone who embraces our life with all its questions.
Recognize that there is a good thing that vanquishes all alone and all violence is possible only through meeting with people who bear witness with their lives. People who are the echo of the man from Nazareth who was able to accompany the loneliness of a young mother and her son return with these words: "Woman, do not cry."

Communion and Liberation Spain